User Tools

Site Tools


learning_paradigms:behaviorism

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision
Previous revision
Next revision Both sides next revision
learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2011/06/29 10:59]
jpetrovic [Read more]
learning_paradigms:behaviorism [2014/01/17 16:29]
jbosak
Line 4: Line 4:
 ===== About behaviorism ===== ===== About behaviorism =====
  
-Behaviorism is a learning paradigm with its roots dating back to the second half of 19th century and works of [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Ivan_Sechenov|Ivan Sechenov]] (1829 - 1905) and [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Vladimir_Bekhterev|Vladimir Bekhterev]] (1857 - 1927), and gaining a significant attention in the **first decades of the 20th century**. The most central premise of behaviorism is that, in order to make psychology a real science, it must be orientated on what is **observable** and **measurable**.+Behaviorism is a learning paradigm with its roots dating back to the second half of 19th century and works of [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Ivan_Sechenov|Ivan Sechenov]] (1829 - 1905) and [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Vladimir_Bekhterev|Vladimir Bekhterev]] (1857 - 1927), and gaining a significant attention in the **first decades of the 20th century**. The most central premise of behaviorism is that, in order to make psychology a real science, it must be orientated on what is **observable** and **measurable**. ​In words of one of the key behaviorists [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​John_B._Watson|John Watson]] (1878 - 1958), 
 + 
 +  * "//​Psychology,​ as the behaviorist views it, is a purely objective, experimental branch of natural science which needs introspection as little as do the sciences of chemistry and physics. It is granted that the behavior of animals can be investigated without appeal to consciousness.//"​(([[http://​psychclassics.yorku.ca/​Watson/​views.htm|Watson,​ John B. Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it. Psychological Review 20: 158-177. 1913.]]))
  
 [[http://​edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com/​2010/​09/​behaviorism-in-practice.html|{{ ​ :​images:​behaviorism.jpg?​130x140|Behaviorism. Image borrowed from: edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com. Click on the picture to follow the link.  }}]] [[http://​edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com/​2010/​09/​behaviorism-in-practice.html|{{ ​ :​images:​behaviorism.jpg?​130x140|Behaviorism. Image borrowed from: edtechundergroundrevolution.blogspot.com. Click on the picture to follow the link.  }}]]
  
-Behaviorists saw the mind as a "black box" and did not attempt to analyze its inner processes like thoughts ​and feelings. Instead, they saw learning as a visible change in one's behavior which, unlike mind processes, can be measured. From behaviorist perspective,​ a learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses can be shaped through positive and negative **reinforcement** (usually a reward for desired and a punishment for undesired behavior), increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. Forming **stimulus-response** (S-R) associations which result in observable behavior is for behaviorism the most significant form of learning. ​+Behaviorists saw the mind as a "black box" and did not attempt to analyze its inner processes like thoughtsfeelings, or motivation. Instead, they saw learning as a visible change in one's behavior which, unlike mind processes, can be measured. From behaviorist perspective,​ a learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses can be shaped through positive and negative **reinforcement** (usually a reward for desired and a punishment for undesired behavior), increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. Forming **stimulus-response** (S-R) associations which result in observable behavior is for behaviorism the most significant form of learning. ​
  
 This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases: This learning paradigm can roughly be divided in two phases:
Line 17: Line 19:
 Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical expressions) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:​cognitivism]]. Neobehaviorism outgrew classical behaviorism by attempts to formalize the laws of behavior (sometimes in forms of mathematical expressions) and beliefs that learning can also occur indirectly through observing. Neobehaviorists are sometimes considered a transitional group that shifted dominant learning perspective toward [[learning_paradigms:​cognitivism]].
  
-===== Behaviorist learning ​theories: =====+===== Learning ​theories: =====
  
   * [[learning_theories:​Connectionism]] - [[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]]   * [[learning_theories:​Connectionism]] - [[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​thorndike.htm|Edward Thorndike (1874 - 1949)]]
Line 30: Line 32:
  
 Basic ideas and approximate historical introduction time for each of this theories can be found in this [[learning_paradigms:​behaviorism_timeline|chronological overview]]. Basic ideas and approximate historical introduction time for each of this theories can be found in this [[learning_paradigms:​behaviorism_timeline|chronological overview]].
 +
 +
 +===== Instructional design theories and models =====
 +
 +  * [[learning_theories:​The Keller Plan]] - [[http://​en.wikipedia.org/​wiki/​Fred_S._Keller|Fred Keller (1899 - 1996)]]
 +  * [[instructional_design:​Programmed Instruction]] - [[http://​www.bfskinner.org/​BFSkinner/​AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner (1904  - 1990)]]
 ===== Criticisms ===== ===== Criticisms =====
  
Line 41: Line 49:
 ===== Bibliography ===== ===== Bibliography =====
  
-[[http://​plato.stanford.edu/​entries/​behaviorism/​|Stanford ​encyclopedia ​of philosophy: Behaviorism.]] ​Retrieved February 26, 2011.+[[http://​plato.stanford.edu/​entries/​behaviorism/​|Graham, George. Behaviorism. The Stanford ​Encyclopedia ​of Philosophy (Fall 2010 Edition).]] Preuzeto 26. veljače, 2011. 
 + 
 +[[http://​science.jrank.org/​pages/​8448/​Behaviorism-Neobehaviorism-1930-1955.html|Weidman,​ Nadine. Behaviorism - Neobehaviorism (1930–1955). Science Encyclopedia.]] Preuzeto 22. lipnja, 2011. 
 + 
 +[[http://​webspace.ship.edu/​cgboer/​beh.html|George Boeree. Behaviorism.]] Preuzeto 23. lipnja, 2011.
  
-[[http://​psychology.about.com/​od/​behavioralpsychology/​a/​classcond.htm|Classical Conditioning - Introduction to Classical Conditioning.]] Retrieved February 26, 2011. 
  
 ===== Read more ===== ===== Read more =====
Line 50: Line 61:
  
 [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=XqZEfU22934C&​printsec=frontcover#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Vladimir Mikhaĭlovich Bekhterev, General principles of human reflexology. Ayer Publishing, 1932.]] [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=XqZEfU22934C&​printsec=frontcover#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Vladimir Mikhaĭlovich Bekhterev, General principles of human reflexology. Ayer Publishing, 1932.]]
- 
- 
-[[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=mNZ8AAAAMAAJ&​q=Turner,​+M.+B.+Philosophy+and+the+science+of+behavior.&​dq=Turner,​+M.+B.+Philosophy+and+the+science+of+behavior.&​hl=hr&​ei=Fq1rTb2rCoWt8APM-vzxBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA|Turner,​ M. B. Philosophy and the science of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,​ 1967.]] 
  
 [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=j1acPwAACAAJ&​dq=Skinner,​+B.+F.+About+Behaviorism&​hl=hr&​ei=Aa1rTZK1IMao8QPp6czyBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA|Skinner,​ B. F. About Behaviorism. Paw Prints, 2008.]] [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=j1acPwAACAAJ&​dq=Skinner,​+B.+F.+About+Behaviorism&​hl=hr&​ei=Aa1rTZK1IMao8QPp6czyBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA|Skinner,​ B. F. About Behaviorism. Paw Prints, 2008.]]
  
 [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=B2Fkuw76DxoC&​printsec=frontcover&​dq=Baum,​+William+M.+Understanding+behaviorism:​+science,​+behavior,​+and+culture&​hl=hr&​ei=7KxrTavrK8iX8QOTwujxBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Baum,​ William M. Understanding behaviorism:​ science, behavior, and culture. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 1994.]] [[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=B2Fkuw76DxoC&​printsec=frontcover&​dq=Baum,​+William+M.+Understanding+behaviorism:​+science,​+behavior,​+and+culture&​hl=hr&​ei=7KxrTavrK8iX8QOTwujxBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Baum,​ William M. Understanding behaviorism:​ science, behavior, and culture. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 1994.]]
learning_paradigms/behaviorism.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)