behaviorism
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| - | ====== Behaviorism ====== | ||
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| - | ===== About behaviorism ===== | ||
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| - | Some of the oldest learning theories belong to the behaviorism as [[learning_paradigms|learning paradigm]] and date back from the beginning of the 20th century. | ||
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| - | Behaviorists view **learning as a visible change in ones behavior**. Behaviorism assumes that the learner starts off as a clear state and simply responds to environmental stimuli. Those responses **can be shaped through positive and negative reinforcement** increasing or decreasing the probability of repeating the same behavior. | ||
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| - | The key component to this paradigm are observable behaviors and their measuring. | ||
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| - | ===== Learning theories: ===== | ||
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| - | * [[Clasicall conditioning]] ([[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], 1849-1936) | ||
| - | * [[Operant conditioning]] ([[http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]], 1904-1990) | ||
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| - | ===== Important contributors: ===== | ||
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| - | * John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, Burrhus Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Edward Tolman | ||
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| - | ===== Critic ===== | ||
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| - | Behaviorism today mostly **lost its influence** and let **cognitivism take its place** as the dominant paradigm. Critics of behaviorist learning usually argue that behaviorism **does not explain all kinds o learning** since it ignores inner mind activities. Behaviorism also neglects the fact that behavior also depends on learners inner subjective representation of environment and learning history. | ||
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| - | ===== Bibliography ===== | ||
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| - | [[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/|Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy: Behaviorism]] | ||
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| - | [[http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm|"Classical Conditioning - Introduction to Classical Conditioning.".]] | ||
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| - | ===== Read more ===== | ||
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| - | Turner, M. B. Philosophy and the science of behavior. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967. | ||
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| - | Skinner, B. F. About Behaviorism. Paw Prints, 2008. | ||
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| - | Baum, William M. Understanding behaviorism: science, behavior, and culture. Wiley-Blackwell, 1994. | ||
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