Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- clasicall_conditioning [2011/01/18 11:32]
admin [Keywords and most important names]
+++ — (current)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-====== Classical conditioning ======
-===== General =====
-Classical conditioning, sometimes also known as //Pavlov conditioning//, //respondent conditioning// or //Pavlovian reinforcement// is an [[behaviorism|behaviorist]] associate learning theory first introduced in 1927 by Russian physiologist [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]].
-===== What is classical conditioning? =====
-Classical conditioning is based on the famous [[http://psychology.about.com/od/classicalconditioning/a/pavlovs-dogs.htm|Pavlov's dogs experiment]]. In this experiment, Pavlov, with means of reinforcement, thought his dogs to respond to the sound of the bell (//conditioned stimulus//, //CS//) by salivating (in this case both //conditioned// and //unconditioned response//, //CS//, //UCS//), which is the same way they would respond to food (//unconditioned stimulus//, //US//). A brief description of the experiment can be hound [[http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/skinnerbox.html|here]].
-The learning process here consists of associating an environmental (conditioned) stimulus to a naturally occurring (unconditioned)stimulus. During the learning process it is important that unconditioned stimulus precedes conditioned stimulus and successful **learning manifested in a natural reflex reaction on an associated environmental stimulus**. This defines the classical conditioning.
-Other important parameters of classical conditioning are **latency** (length of time between unconditioned and conditioned stimulus), **extinction** (decreasing of probability of learned behavior after unconditioned and conditioned stimulus appeared impaired for a number of times) and **spontaneous recovery** (spontaneous re-occurrence of learned behavior after extinction).
-Taste aversion and [[http://www.psychology.sbc.edu/Little%20Albert.htm|the Little Albert experiment]]  performed by [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]], founder of behaviorism are some more examples of classical conditioning.
-Basic behaviorist principles can also be recognized in this experiments: they **approach learning as to a visible change in behavior formed by external stimuli**, and even in case of performing an experiment on a human subject, they **ignore learners mind processes**.
-===== What is the practical meaning of classical conditioning? =====
-Even apart from classical conditioning techniques that help people or professionals train their pets, in reality there are many real-world applications for classical conditioning. These applications often include the **treatment of phobias or anxiety problems in educational process**.
- Teachers are able to apply classical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to **help students overcome anxiety or fear**. **Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation**, such as performing in front of a group, **with pleasant surroundings** helps the student learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious and tense in these situations, the student will learn to stay relaxed and calm.
-===== Keywords and most important names =====
-  * **Classical conditioning**, **Pavlov conditioning**, **respondent conditioning**, **Pavlovian reinforcement**, **Pavlov's dogs**, **little Albert**, **conditioned stimulus**, **conditioned response**, **unconditioned stimulus**, **unconditioned response**, **latency**, **extinction**, **spontaneous recovery**
-  * [[http://www.ivanpavlov.com/|Ivan Pavlov]], [[http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm|John Watson]]
-===== Bibliography =====
-[[http://psychology.about.com/od/behavioralpsychology/a/classcond.htm|"Classical Conditioning - Introduction to Classical Conditioning.".]]
-[[http://www.learning-theories.com/classical-conditioning-pavlov.html|"Classical Conditioning (Pavlov) at Learning Theories.".]]
-===== Read more =====
-[[http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Pavlov/|Pavlov, Ivan. P. Conditioned reflexes: An investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex. 1927.]]
-Lavond, David G., and Joseph E. Steinmetz. Handbook of classical conditioning. Springer, 2003.

Learning Theories

User Tools

Site Tools

Differences

Page Tools