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-====== Social Cognitive Theory ======
-===== General =====
-Social cognitive theory, firstly known as social learning theory, was formed during 1960s by a Canadian psychologist [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Bandura|Albert Bandura]] and can short be described in his own words: "Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, **most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling**: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action."
-===== What is social cognitive theory? =====
-Basic principles of social cognitive theory were set in eralier works of Julian Rotter((Rotter, Julian B. Social learning and clinical psychology. Prentice-Hall, 1954.)), Neal Miller and John Dollard ((Miller, N. E. and Dollard, J. Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1941)). Bandura’s social learning theory starts from evolved assumption that we can learn by observing others. **Key processes** during this type of learning are **observation, imitation, and modeling** which as such involve **attention, memory, and motivation**. People **learn through observing others’ behavior, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviors**.
-This theory therefore outgrows [[behaviorism|behaviorism]] and forms its connection to [[cognitivism]] as it claims **people don't just respond to stimuli**, but **interpret them as well**. They are formed by the outside world and at the same time they form the outside world themselves ("**reciprocal determinism**") instead of just being machines modeled by environment. Bandura's theory is therefore often considered a **bridge between behaviorist and cognitivist learning perspectives**.
-As described in Bandura's works, behavior is most likely to be adopted if it's **result is observed as valuable**. In case it is then **modeled, organized, rehearsed and reproduced overtly**, the **learning will be successful**.
-===== What is the practical meaning of classical conditioning? =====
-Social learning theory has been applied extensively to the **understanding of aggression** and other **behavior modifications**, especially through **media effects**. Bandura also warned that violent TV contents could be leading into a violent reality that is worth fearing.
-===== Keywords and most important names =====
-  * Social learning, observational learning, reciprocal determinism
-  * Albert Bandura
-===== Bibliography =====
-Bandura, Albert. Social learning theory. Prentice Hall, 1977.
-[[http://tip.psychology.org/bandura.html.|“TIP: Theories. Index of Learning Theories and Models."]]
-[[http://www.afirstlook.com/docs/sociallearning.pdf|Griffin, E. Social learning theory of Albert Bandura. Chapter 31: A first look at communication theory (pp. 367-377). McGraw-Hill, 2006.]]
-===== Read more =====
-Bandura, A. Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press. 1977.
-Bandura, A. & Walters, R. Social Learning and Personality Development. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. 1963.

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