“a branch of psychoanalysis that attempts to organize affects into discrete categories and connect each one with its typical response”1)
Cognition
in psychology, the process by which one recognizes and understands things
Cognitive load
Load imposed on one's cognitive capacities due to performance of cognitive operations
Comprehension
an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something2)
Declarative knowledge
knowledge is often by instructional designers and philosophers divided into two categories: declarative (knowledge about things, knowledge that, for example knowledge about computers) and procedural (skills, knowledge how, for example knowledge how to use a computer)
Discrimination learning theory
a theory of the process by which animals or people learn to respond differently to different stimuli
Distributed representation
connectionist principle in which meaning is not contained within a single symbolic unit, but is formed by an interaction of a set of units3)
Doctrine of formal discipline
the belief that subjects like Latin language and mathematics improve learner's mind in general
Epistemology
“is concerned with the nature, sources and limits of knowledge. Epistemology has been primarily concerned with propositional knowledge, that is, knowledge that such-and-such is true, rather than other forms of knowledge, for example, knowledge how to such-and-such.”4)
Gestalt
a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described just as a sum of its parts
Hawthorne effect
“an increase in worker productivity produced by the psychological stimulus of being singled out and made to feel important”5) (for example for the fact that one is being studied)
Human cognitive architecture
“the manner in which structures and functions required for human cognitive processing are organized”6)
Insightful learning
learning that results in perceiving the solution to a problem after a period of cognitive trial and error
learner is required to have all elements of the problem available in order to be able to learn by insight
Journal
a scholarly periodical containing original research articles aimed at researchers or specialists
Magazine
a periodical aimed at the general public, which contains news, opinion and personal narratives
Paradigm
a set of ideas that are used for understanding or explaining something, especially in a particular subject
a mental framework humans use to represent and organize remembered information
they enable us to recall, modify our behavior, or try to predict most likely outcomes of events
Script
“a coherent sequence of events expected by an individual in a particular context, involving him either as participant or as an observer”7)
Structuralism
a theory founded by Edward Titchener in the end of 19th/beginning of 20th century focused on breaking down mental processes into simple elements
Theory
one or more ideas that explain how or why something happens
the set of general principles that a particular subject is based on
Transfer of practice
(or transfer of learning) a term coined by Thorndike and Woodworth8), referring to the generalization of knowledge and transfer of it from one context to another
Puto, C. P. Memory for scripts in advertisements. Advances in Consumer Research XII:404-409. Fifteenth Annual Conference. Association
for Consumer Research. 1985.