instructional_design:discovery_learning
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision Next revision Both sides next revision | ||
|
instructional_design:discovery_learning [2014/01/06 22:50] amaricic [ Što je učenje otkrivanjem? ] |
instructional_design:discovery_learning [2014/01/06 22:58] amaricic [Kritike] |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
| ===== Što je učenje otkrivanjem? ===== | ===== Što je učenje otkrivanjem? ===== | ||
| Za razliku od klasičnih metoda podučavanja u kojima je učenik većinom pasivan i očekuje se da asimilira znanje koje učitelj prezentira((vidi: [[hr:learning_theories:Assimilation theory]].)), učenje otkrivanjem nudi **pristup usmjeren na učenika**, u kojem on otkriva novo znanje putem **aktivnih**, **osobnih iskustava**((Bruner, J. S. The art of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31, 21–32. 1961.)) i konstruira nove koncepte temeljene na postojećem znanju. Takva vrsta učenja je više **usmjerena na proces** učenja, nego na sam sadržaj i informacije. Prema Bruneru, | Za razliku od klasičnih metoda podučavanja u kojima je učenik većinom pasivan i očekuje se da asimilira znanje koje učitelj prezentira((vidi: [[hr:learning_theories:Assimilation theory]].)), učenje otkrivanjem nudi **pristup usmjeren na učenika**, u kojem on otkriva novo znanje putem **aktivnih**, **osobnih iskustava**((Bruner, J. S. The art of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31, 21–32. 1961.)) i konstruira nove koncepte temeljene na postojećem znanju. Takva vrsta učenja je više **usmjerena na proces** učenja, nego na sam sadržaj i informacije. Prema Bruneru, | ||
| - | * "//upotreba samostalnog otkrivanja uči pojedinca usvajanju informacija na način koji te informacije čini dostupnijima za upotrebu pri rješavanju problema.//"((Bruner, J. S. The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31(1), p26. 1961.)) | + | * "//iskustvo samostalnog otkrivanja uči pojedinca usvajanju informacija na način koji te informacije čini dostupnijima za upotrebu pri rješavanju problema.//"((Bruner, J. S. The act of discovery. Harvard Educational Review, 31(1), p26. 1961.)) |
| Drugi važan aspekt učenja otkrivanjem je neuspjeh, koji se smatra važnom sastavnicom učenja do te mjere da učenik koji nije doživio neuspjeh u procesu učenja nije zapravo ništa naučio. | Drugi važan aspekt učenja otkrivanjem je neuspjeh, koji se smatra važnom sastavnicom učenja do te mjere da učenik koji nije doživio neuspjeh u procesu učenja nije zapravo ništa naučio. | ||
| Line 41: | Line 41: | ||
| =====Kritike===== | =====Kritike===== | ||
| - | Učenje otkrivanjem u zadnje vrijeme je predmetom brojnih kritika [[hr:learning_paradigms:constructivism&#criticisms|vidi: kritike konstruktivizma]], pri čemu sve više istraživanja pokazuje: | + | Učenje otkrivanjem u zadnje vrijeme je predmetom brojnih kritika (vidi:[[hr:learning_paradigms:constructivism&#criticisms|kritike konstruktivizma]]), pri čemu sve više istraživanja pokazuje: |
| * **neefikasnost** učenja isključivo otkrivanjem, posebno za početnike, i | * **neefikasnost** učenja isključivo otkrivanjem, posebno za početnike, i | ||
| * snažne pozitivne učinke vođene nastave i praktičnih primjera, uglavnom isključenih iz učenja putem otkrivanja(([[http://www.katharinenewman.com/Research/Desktop/amp-59-1-14.pdf|Mayer, R. E. Should There Be a Three-Strikes Rule Against Pure Discovery Learning?. American Psychologist 59, no. 1: 14. 2004.]]))(([[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.169.8810%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rct=j&q=Why%20minimal%20guidance%20during%20instruction%20does%20not%20work&ei=yvSuTaKGCoySOuetze4B&usg=AFQjCNGIE4wsl4Fg5fVtGlt3UdZOoLrP2A&cad=rja|Kirschner, P. A, J. Sweller, and R. E Clark. Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational psychologist 41, no. 2: 75–86. 2006.))(([[http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/sweller_kirschner_clark_reply_ep07.pdf|Sweller, J., P. A Kirschner, and R. E Clark. Why minimally guided teaching techniques do not work: A reply to commentaries. Educational Psychologist 42, no. 2: 115–121. 2007.]]))(([[http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951777254&origin=resultslist&sort=cp-t&src=s&imp=t&sid=Ug84tfmOFqClrogsKqiEWMQ%3a50&sot=inw&sdt=a&sl=42&s=AU-ID%28%22Tenenbaum%2c+Harriet+R.%22+35367227500%29&relpos=3&relpos=3&searchTerm=AU-ID%28\|Alfieri, Louis, Patricia J. Brooks, Naomi J. Aldrich, and Harriet R. Tenenbaum. Does Discovery-Based Instruction Enhance Learning? Journal of Educational Psychology 103, no. 1: 1-18. February 2011.]]))(([[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VDC-4V6YSYJ-1-1&_cdi=5979&_user=3875467&_pii=S0747563208002161&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_sk=999749997&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlW-zSkzS&md5=c56371507f94d74cb7effdbb3f2aec57&ie=/sdarticle.pdf|Schwonke, Rolf, Alexander Renkl, Carmen Krieg, Jörg Wittwer, Vincent Aleven, and Ron Salden. The worked-example effect: Not an artefact of lousy control conditions. Computers in Human Behavior 25, no. 2: 258-266. March 2009.]])). | * snažne pozitivne učinke vođene nastave i praktičnih primjera, uglavnom isključenih iz učenja putem otkrivanja(([[http://www.katharinenewman.com/Research/Desktop/amp-59-1-14.pdf|Mayer, R. E. Should There Be a Three-Strikes Rule Against Pure Discovery Learning?. American Psychologist 59, no. 1: 14. 2004.]]))(([[http://www.google.hr/url?sa=t&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CBoQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.169.8810%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&rct=j&q=Why%20minimal%20guidance%20during%20instruction%20does%20not%20work&ei=yvSuTaKGCoySOuetze4B&usg=AFQjCNGIE4wsl4Fg5fVtGlt3UdZOoLrP2A&cad=rja|Kirschner, P. A, J. Sweller, and R. E Clark. Why minimal guidance during instruction does not work: An analysis of the failure of constructivist, discovery, problem-based, experiential, and inquiry-based teaching. Educational psychologist 41, no. 2: 75–86. 2006.))(([[http://www.cogtech.usc.edu/publications/sweller_kirschner_clark_reply_ep07.pdf|Sweller, J., P. A Kirschner, and R. E Clark. Why minimally guided teaching techniques do not work: A reply to commentaries. Educational Psychologist 42, no. 2: 115–121. 2007.]]))(([[http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?eid=2-s2.0-79951777254&origin=resultslist&sort=cp-t&src=s&imp=t&sid=Ug84tfmOFqClrogsKqiEWMQ%3a50&sot=inw&sdt=a&sl=42&s=AU-ID%28%22Tenenbaum%2c+Harriet+R.%22+35367227500%29&relpos=3&relpos=3&searchTerm=AU-ID%28\|Alfieri, Louis, Patricia J. Brooks, Naomi J. Aldrich, and Harriet R. Tenenbaum. Does Discovery-Based Instruction Enhance Learning? Journal of Educational Psychology 103, no. 1: 1-18. February 2011.]]))(([[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B6VDC-4V6YSYJ-1-1&_cdi=5979&_user=3875467&_pii=S0747563208002161&_origin=gateway&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2009&_sk=999749997&view=c&wchp=dGLbVlW-zSkzS&md5=c56371507f94d74cb7effdbb3f2aec57&ie=/sdarticle.pdf|Schwonke, Rolf, Alexander Renkl, Carmen Krieg, Jörg Wittwer, Vincent Aleven, and Ron Salden. The worked-example effect: Not an artefact of lousy control conditions. Computers in Human Behavior 25, no. 2: 258-266. March 2009.]])). | ||
| * "//Zaključno, učenici se susreću s problemima u svim procesima karakterističnima za učenje otkrivanjem kao što su postavljanje hipoteza, dizajniranje eksperimentalnog nacrta, interpretacija podataka i regulacija procesa učenja (nadgledanje i planiranje). //"(([[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.143060.x/pdf|de Jong, T., W. R. van Joolingen, J. Swaak, K. Veermans, R. Limbach, S. King, and D. Gureghian. Self-directed learning in simulation-based discovery environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 14, no. 3: 235-246. September 1998.]])) | * "//Zaključno, učenici se susreću s problemima u svim procesima karakterističnima za učenje otkrivanjem kao što su postavljanje hipoteza, dizajniranje eksperimentalnog nacrta, interpretacija podataka i regulacija procesa učenja (nadgledanje i planiranje). //"(([[http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2729.1998.143060.x/pdf|de Jong, T., W. R. van Joolingen, J. Swaak, K. Veermans, R. Limbach, S. King, and D. Gureghian. Self-directed learning in simulation-based discovery environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 14, no. 3: 235-246. September 1998.]])) | ||
| - | Ipak, ova rasprava i dalje traje jer razni istraživači još uvijek smatraju da vođeno otkrivanje može rezultirati boljim učenjem nego izravne upute(([[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WYD-527MP37-8&_user=3875467&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2011&_alid=1742826362&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=7184&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4194&_acct=C000050661&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=3875467&md5=81152b81dd692fdedbfe57a59a8c8ff0&searchtype=a|Alfieri, Louis, Patricia J. Brooks, Naomi J. Aldrich, and Harriet R. Tenenbaum. Does Discovery-Based Instruction Enhance Learning? Journal of Educational Psychology 103, no. 1: 1-18. February 2011.]])). | + | Ipak, ova rasprava i dalje traje jer razni istraživači još uvijek smatraju da vođeno otkrivanje može rezultirati boljim učenjem nego eksplicitna nastava (([[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WYD-527MP37-8&_user=3875467&_coverDate=02%2F28%2F2011&_alid=1742826362&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_origin=search&_zone=rslt_list_item&_cdi=7184&_sort=r&_st=13&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=4194&_acct=C000050661&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=3875467&md5=81152b81dd692fdedbfe57a59a8c8ff0&searchtype=a|Alfieri, Louis, Patricia J. Brooks, Naomi J. Aldrich, and Harriet R. Tenenbaum. Does Discovery-Based Instruction Enhance Learning? Journal of Educational Psychology 103, no. 1: 1-18. February 2011.]])). |
| ===== Ključne riječi i najvažnija imena ===== | ===== Ključne riječi i najvažnija imena ===== | ||
| * [[http://www.psych.nyu.edu/bruner/|Jerome Bruner]] | * [[http://www.psych.nyu.edu/bruner/|Jerome Bruner]] | ||
instructional_design/discovery_learning.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)
Except where otherwise noted, content on this wiki is licensed under the following license: CC Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
