User Tools

Site Tools


instructional_design:simulation-based_learning

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revision Previous revision
Next revision
Previous revision
instructional_design:simulation-based_learning [2011/05/09 16:30]
jpetrovic [What is simulation-based learning?]
instructional_design:simulation-based_learning [2023/06/19 18:03] (current)
Line 9: Line 9:
 ===== What is simulation-based learning? ===== ===== What is simulation-based learning? =====
  
-A simulation can be defined as a model of reality reflecting some or all of its properties. [[Robert Gagne]] identified the following properties of a simulation as crucial((Cited by [[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1002/​sce.3730650302/​abstract|Lunetta,​ Vincent N, and Avi Hofstein. Simulations in science education. Science Education 65, no. 3: 243-252. July 1, 1981.]])):+A simulation can be defined as a model of reality reflecting some or all of its properties. [[http://​www.ibstpi.org/​Products/​pdf/​appendix_A-C.pdf|Robert Gagne]] identified the following properties of a simulation as crucial((Cited by [[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1002/​sce.3730650302/​abstract|Lunetta,​ Vincent N, and Avi Hofstein. Simulations in science education. Science Education 65, no. 3: 243-252. July 1, 1981.]])):
  
   * //A simulation represents a real situation in which operations are carried out.//   * //A simulation represents a real situation in which operations are carried out.//
Line 15: Line 15:
   * //A simulation omits certain distracting variables irrelevant or unimportant for the particular instructional goals.// Simulation = (Reality) - (Task irrelevant elements)   * //A simulation omits certain distracting variables irrelevant or unimportant for the particular instructional goals.// Simulation = (Reality) - (Task irrelevant elements)
  
-Simulation-based learning today mostly relies on usage of computers and advanced technologies to provide a near authentic experience for the user. As a learning tool, simulations mostly rely on some other learning theory and implement its principles.+Simulation-based learning today mostly relies on usage of computers and advanced technologies to provide a near authentic experience for the user and enhance learning. As a learning tool, simulations mostly rely on some other learning theory and implement its principles.
  
-Yet what is characteristic for simulation-based learning is the discovery that system representations are often to complex and difficult for a novice to facilitate his learning. Even though principles of human cognitive structure and methods of reducing cognitive load were taken into account while designing a simulation, it has been shown that learners are still frequently unable to successfully relate multiple representation elements to each other.This issue can be described in the context of prior knowledge as well.(([[http://​www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/​cogsci2004/​papers/​paper228.pdf|Bodemer,​ D. Enhancing Simulation-Based Learning through Active External Integration of Representations. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 138–143, 2005.]])) Two successful ways of dealing with this issue have been proposed so far:+Yet what is characteristic for simulation-based learning is the discovery that system representations are often to complex and difficult for a novice to facilitate his learning. Even though principles of human cognitive structure and methods of reducing cognitive load were taken into account while designing a simulation, it has been shown that learners are still frequently unable to successfully relate multiple representation elements to each other. This issue can be described in the context of prior knowledge as well.(([[http://​www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/​cogsci2004/​papers/​paper228.pdf|Bodemer,​ D. Enhancing Simulation-Based Learning through Active External Integration of Representations. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 138–143, 2005.]])) Two successful ways of dealing with this issue have been proposed so far:
  
-  * **active integration** of representations((Representations are another issue of simulation-based learning since their efficiency is domain dependent. For example, efficiency of various types of representations in simulation-based learning of statistics is described in [[http://​doc.utwente.nl/​60341/​1/​thesis_B_Kolloffel.pdf|Kollöffel,​ Bas Jan. Getting the picture : the role of external representations in simulation-based inquiry learning. University of Twente, 2008.]])) into complex system by the learner (for example link names of the elements to their symbol representations)(([[http://​www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/​cogsci2004/​papers/​paper228.pdf|Bodemer,​ D. Enhancing Simulation-Based Learning through Active External Integration of Representations. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 138–143, 2005.]])), ​or +  * **active integration** of representations((Representations are another issue of simulation-based learning since their efficiency is domain dependent. For example, efficiency of various types of representations in simulation-based learning of statistics is described in [[http://​doc.utwente.nl/​60341/​1/​thesis_B_Kolloffel.pdf|Kollöffel,​ Bas Jan. Getting the picture : the role of external representations in simulation-based inquiry learning. University of Twente, 2008.]])) into complex system by the learner (for example link names of the elements to their symbol representations)(([[http://​www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/​cogsci2004/​papers/​paper228.pdf|Bodemer,​ D. Enhancing Simulation-Based Learning through Active External Integration of Representations. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 138–143, 2005.]])), ​and 
-  * **model progression**,​ or starting with a simple simulation models and then slowly increasing their complexity(([[http://​eksl.isi.edu/​files/​library/​White_Frederiksen-1990-causal-model-progressions.pdf|White,​ B. Y. and Frederiksen,​ J. R. Causal model progressions as a foundation for intelligent learning environments. Artificial Intelligence,​ 42, p99–157. 1990.]]))(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1111/​j.1365-2648.2010.05338.x/​abstract|Brydges,​ Ryan, Heather Carnahan, Don Rose, and Adam Dubrowski. Comparing self‐guided learning and educator‐guided learning formats for simulation‐based clinical training. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66, no. 8: 1832-1844. August 1, 2010.]]))+  * **model progression**,​ or starting with a simple simulation models and then slowly increasing their complexity(([[http://​eksl.isi.edu/​files/​library/​White_Frederiksen-1990-causal-model-progressions.pdf|White,​ B. Y. and Frederiksen,​ J. R. Causal model progressions as a foundation for intelligent learning environments. Artificial Intelligence,​ 42, p99–157. 1990.]]))(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1111/​j.1365-2648.2010.05338.x/​abstract|Brydges,​ Ryan, Heather Carnahan, Don Rose, and Adam Dubrowski. Comparing self‐guided learning and educator‐guided learning formats for simulation‐based clinical training. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66, no. 8: 1832-1844. August 1, 2010.]])).
  
 Simulation-based learning can also be guided or unguided, yet research has shown that instructional help in form of hypotheses to prove, offered interpretations,​ assignments to complete or structuring can be useful(([[http://​tecfa.unige.ch/​tecfa/​teaching/​aei/​papiers/​deJong.pdf|de Jong, T., & van Joolingen, W. R. Scientific discovery learning with computer simulations of conceptual domains. Review of Educational Research. 1997.]]))(([[http://​www.eric.ed.gov/​PDFS/​ED398900.pdf|Swaak,​ Janine, and And Others. Support for Simulation-Based Learning; The Effects of Model Progression and Assignments on Learning about Oscillatory Motion., March 1996.]]))(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1046/​j.1365-2729.1998.143060.x/​pdf|de Jong, T., W. R. van Joolingen, J. Swaak, K. Veermans, R. Limbach, S. King, and D. Gureghian. Self-directed learning in simulation-based discovery environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 14, no. 3: 235-246. September 1998.]])). Simulation-based learning can also be guided or unguided, yet research has shown that instructional help in form of hypotheses to prove, offered interpretations,​ assignments to complete or structuring can be useful(([[http://​tecfa.unige.ch/​tecfa/​teaching/​aei/​papiers/​deJong.pdf|de Jong, T., & van Joolingen, W. R. Scientific discovery learning with computer simulations of conceptual domains. Review of Educational Research. 1997.]]))(([[http://​www.eric.ed.gov/​PDFS/​ED398900.pdf|Swaak,​ Janine, and And Others. Support for Simulation-Based Learning; The Effects of Model Progression and Assignments on Learning about Oscillatory Motion., March 1996.]]))(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1046/​j.1365-2729.1998.143060.x/​pdf|de Jong, T., W. R. van Joolingen, J. Swaak, K. Veermans, R. Limbach, S. King, and D. Gureghian. Self-directed learning in simulation-based discovery environments. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 14, no. 3: 235-246. September 1998.]])).
  
  
-===== What is the practical ​example ​of simulation-based learning? =====+===== What is the practical ​meaning ​of simulation-based learning? ===== 
 + 
 +Simulation-based learning **examples** can today often be found in medical ((See: [[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1046/​j.1365-2923.37.s1.10.x/​full|Issenberg,​ S. B., Pringle, S., Harden, R. M., Khogali, S. and Gordon, M. S. Adoption and integration of simulation-based learning technologies into the curriculum of a UK Undergraduate Education Programme. Medical Education 37, no. s1: p42-49. November 2003.]])), physics((See:​ [[http://​findarticles.com/​p/​articles/​mi_hb1420/​is_200810/​ai_n32305315/?​tag=mantle_skin;​content|Lee,​ Yu-Fen, and Yuying Guo. Explore Effective Use of Computer Simulations for Physics Education. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 27, no. 4: 443-466. October 2008.]])), biology((See:​ [[http://​wolfweb.unr.edu/​homepage/​crowther/​ejse/​akpan.html|Akpan,​ Joseph P. Issues Associated with Inserting Computer Simulations into Biology Instruction:​ 
 +A Review of the Literature 5, no. 3, 2001.]])) education and other fields as well and the results were positive(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1111/​j.1365-2929.2006.02528.x/​pdf|McGaghie,​ W. C., Issenberg, S. B., Petrusa, E. R.  and Scalese, R. J. Effect of practice on standardised learning outcomes in simulation-based medical education. Medical Education 40, no. 8: p792-797. August 2006.]])). An example of this is "​[[http://​library.nymc.edu/​HARVEY/​harvey.cfm|Harvey]]",​ a cardiology patient simulator. A recent study(([[http://​www.med.uni-frankfurt.de/​lehre/​literatur/​container_journal_club/​Simulation-based_training.pdf|Steadman,​ Randolph, H., Coates, Wendy C., Huang, Y. M., Matevosian, R., Larmon, Baxter R., McCullough, L. and Ariel, D. Simulation-based training is superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills. Critical Care Medicine 34, no. 1: p151-157. January 2006.]])) has further showed the superiority of simulation-based learning to [[instructional_design:​problem-based learning]] (also applied in medicine schools) in case of learning of critical assessment and management skills. 
 + 
 +As simulation-based learning is frequently used in medical education((For motivation see [[http://​ukpmc.ac.uk/​articles/​PMC2966567//​reload=0;​jsessionid=88C01753EF2DA054F6DFA0A3A67437B6.jvm4|Lateef,​ Fatimah. Simulation-based learning: Just like the real thing. Journal of Emergencies,​ Trauma, and Shock 3, no. 4: 348. 2010.]])), a recent study has examined result of 670 related articles and identified 10 key aspects of simulation-based learning in medical education which enhance learning(([[http://​chua2.fiu.edu/​nursing/​anesthesiology/​courses/​ngr%206715%20insttech/​slides/​beme%20issenberg%20et%20al.pdf|Barry Issenberg, S., William C. Mcgaghie, Emil R. Petrusa, David Lee Gordon, and Ross J. Scalese. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Medical Teacher 27, no. 1: 10-28. January 2005.]])):​ 
 + 
 +  * providing **feedback** to the students, 
 +  * repetitive **practice** leading to skill improvement,​ 
 +  * curriculum **integration** of simulation-based learning, 
 +  * practicing with range of **difficulty levels** (usually increasing),​ 
 +  * multiple **learning strategies** and not just teacher-centered approach, 
 +  * using simulators that reflect a variety of patient problems, 
 +  * controlled environment where there is no negative consequences of an error, 
 +  * **active** individualized learning, 
 +  * clearly defined and measured **outcomes**,​ 
 +  * simulator is a highly similar to actual clinical practice.
  
-Simulation-based learning **examples** can today often be found in medical (([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1046/​j.1365-2923.37.s1.10.x/​full|Issenberg,​ S. B., Pringle, S., Harden, R. M., Khogali, S. and Gordon, M. S. Adoption and integration of simulation-based learning technologies into the curriculum of a UK Undergraduate Education Programme. Medical Education 37, no. s1: p42-49. November 2003.]])), physics education(([[http://​findarticles.com/​p/​articles/​mi_hb1420/​is_200810/​ai_n32305315/?​tag=mantle_skin;​content|Lee,​ Yu-Fen, and Yuying Guo. Explore Effective Use of Computer Simulations for Physics Education. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 27, no. 4: 443-466. October 2008.]])) and other fields as well. where it has given very good results(([[http://​onlinelibrary.wiley.com/​doi/​10.1111/​j.1365-2929.2006.02528.x/​pdf|McGaghie,​ W. C., Issenberg, S. B., Petrusa, E. R.  and Scalese, R. J. Effect of practice on standardised learning outcomes in simulation-based medical education. Medical Education 40, no. 8: p792-797. August 2006.]])). An example of this is "​[[http://​library.nymc.edu/​HARVEY/​harvey.cfm|Harvey]]",​ a cardiology patient simulator. A recent study(([[http://​www.med.uni-frankfurt.de/​lehre/​literatur/​container_journal_club/​Simulation-based_training.pdf|Steadman,​ Randolph, H., Coates, Wendy C., Huang, Y. M., Matevosian, R., Larmon, Baxter R., McCullough, L. and Ariel, D. Simulation-based training is superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills. Critical Care Medicine 34, no. 1: p151-157. January 2006.]])) has further showed the superiority of simulation-based learning to [[instructional_design:​problem-based learning]] (also applied in medicine schools) in case of learning of critical assessment and management skills. 
  
 ===== Criticisms ===== ===== Criticisms =====
  
-Many previous studies in this area found that, at least for **novice learners**, simulation-based learning is **hard** and that they **have problems** in establishing goals and their results in learning through simulation((Glaser,​ R., Schauble, L., Raghavan, K., & Zeitz, C. Scientific reasoning across different domains. In E. de Corte, M. Linn, H. Mandl and L. Verschaffel (Eds.), Computer-based learning environments and problem solving (NATO ASI series F: Computer and Systems Series) (p345–373). Berlin: Springer. 1992.))(([[http://​www.cs.ubc.ca/​~conati/​522/​532b/​papers/​SmithTown.pdf|Shute,​ V. J., & Glaser, R. A large-scale evaluation of an intelligent discovery world: Smithtown. Interactive Learning Environments,​ 1, p51–77. 1990.]])) or that they have **problems with verbalizing** results and **gained knowledge**(([[http://​doc.utwente.nl/​26419/​1/​K26419__.PDF|Njoo,​ M., and De Jong, T. Exploratory learning with a computer simulation for control theory: Learning processes and instructional support. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 30, p821–844. 1993.]])). It seemed that **richness of the information** a student can extract from a simulation makes his **learning more difficult**. ​+Many previous studies in this area found that, at least for **novice learners**, simulation-based learning is hard and that they have problems in establishing goals and their results in learning through simulation((Glaser,​ R., Schauble, L., Raghavan, K., & Zeitz, C. Scientific reasoning across different domains. In E. de Corte, M. Linn, H. Mandl and L. Verschaffel (Eds.), Computer-based learning environments and problem solving (NATO ASI series F: Computer and Systems Series) (p345–373). Berlin: Springer. 1992.))(([[http://​www.cs.ubc.ca/​~conati/​522/​532b/​papers/​SmithTown.pdf|Shute,​ V. J., & Glaser, R. A large-scale evaluation of an intelligent discovery world: Smithtown. Interactive Learning Environments,​ 1, p51–77. 1990.]])) or that they have **problems with verbalizing** results and gained knowledge(([[http://​doc.utwente.nl/​26419/​1/​K26419__.PDF|Njoo,​ M., and De Jong, T. Exploratory learning with a computer simulation for control theory: Learning processes and instructional support. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 30, p821–844. 1993.]])). It seemed that richness of the information a student can extract from a simulation makes his **learning more difficult** ​unless it is first simplified and well structured
  
  
-===== Keywords =====+===== Keywords ​and most important names =====
  
   * **Simulation-based leaning**   * **Simulation-based leaning**
 +  * [[http://​users.edte.utwente.nl/​jong/​|Ton de Jong]]
 ===== Bibliography ===== ===== Bibliography =====
  
 [[http://​www.eric.ed.gov/​ERICWebPortal/​contentdelivery/​servlet/​ERICServlet?​accno=ED398900|Swaak,​ J., van Joolingena, Wouter R. and de Jong, T. Supporting simulation-based learning; the effects of model progression and assignments on definitional and intuitive knowledge. Learning and Instruction,​ 8(3), p235-252. June 1998.]] [[http://​www.eric.ed.gov/​ERICWebPortal/​contentdelivery/​servlet/​ERICServlet?​accno=ED398900|Swaak,​ J., van Joolingena, Wouter R. and de Jong, T. Supporting simulation-based learning; the effects of model progression and assignments on definitional and intuitive knowledge. Learning and Instruction,​ 8(3), p235-252. June 1998.]]
  
 +[[http://​www.cogsci.northwestern.edu/​cogsci2004/​papers/​paper228.pdf|Bodemer,​ D. Enhancing Simulation-Based Learning through Active External Integration of Representations. In Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 138–143, 2005.]]
 ===== Read more ===== ===== Read more =====
  
instructional_design/simulation-based_learning.1304951443.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/06/19 17:49 (external edit)