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learning_theories:contiguity_theory_and_one_trial_learning [2012/01/12 11:42]
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learning_theories:contiguity_theory_and_one_trial_learning [2013/09/30 16:54]
jpetrovic [What is contiguity theory and one trial learning?]
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 ===== What is contiguity theory and one trial learning? ===== ===== What is contiguity theory and one trial learning? =====
  
-Guthrie attempted to explain learning through **association** of stimuli with responses.(([[http://​psychclassics.yorku.ca/​Guthrie/​|Guthrie,​ Edwin R. Psychological Facts and Psychological Theory. Psychological Bulletin 43: 1-20, 1946.]])) Learning, in terms of behavior is a function of the environment. According to Guthrie, learning is associating a particular stimulus with a particular response. This association,​ however, will only occur if **stimuli and responses occur soon enough** one after another (**//the contiguity law//**). The association is established on the **first experienced instance of the stimulus** (**//one trial learning//​**). Repetitions or **reinforcements** in terms of reward or punishment do not influence the strength of this connection. Still, every stimulus is a bit different, which results in many trials in order to form a general response. This was according to Guthrie the only type of learning identifying him not as //​reinforcement theorist//, but //​contiguity theorist//​. ​|+Guthrie attempted to explain learning through **association** of stimuli with responses.(([[http://​psychclassics.yorku.ca/​Guthrie/​|Guthrie,​ Edwin R. Psychological Facts and Psychological Theory. Psychological Bulletin 43: 1-20, 1946.]])) Learning, in terms of behavior is a function of the environment. According to Guthrie, learning is associating a particular stimulus with a particular response. This association,​ however, will only occur if **stimuli and responses occur soon enough** one after another (**//the contiguity law//**). The association is established on the **first experienced instance of the stimulus** (**//one trial learning//​**). Repetitions or **reinforcements** in terms of reward or punishment do not influence the strength of this connection. Still, every stimulus is a bit different, which results in many trials in order to form a general response. This was according to Guthrie the only type of learning identifying him not as //​reinforcement theorist//, but //​contiguity theorist//.
  
 More complex behaviors are composed of a **series of movements** (//​habits//​)(([[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​guthrie.htm|Peterson,​ Heather. Edwin R. Guthrie. Psychology History.]])),​ where each movement is a small stimulus-response combination. This movements or are actually what is being learned in each one trial learning rather than behaviors. Learning a number of moves forms an act (incremental learning). Unsuccessful acts remain not learned because they are replaced by later successfully learned acts.(([[http://​www.lifecircles-inc.com/​Learningtheories/​behaviorism/​guthrie.html|Cooper,​ Sunny. “Edwin Guthrie and ‘One Trial Learning’. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology.]])) Other researchers like [[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​watson.htm|John Watson]] studied whole acts just because it was easier, but movements are, according to Guthrie what should actually be studied. More complex behaviors are composed of a **series of movements** (//​habits//​)(([[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​guthrie.htm|Peterson,​ Heather. Edwin R. Guthrie. Psychology History.]])),​ where each movement is a small stimulus-response combination. This movements or are actually what is being learned in each one trial learning rather than behaviors. Learning a number of moves forms an act (incremental learning). Unsuccessful acts remain not learned because they are replaced by later successfully learned acts.(([[http://​www.lifecircles-inc.com/​Learningtheories/​behaviorism/​guthrie.html|Cooper,​ Sunny. “Edwin Guthrie and ‘One Trial Learning’. Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology.]])) Other researchers like [[http://​www.muskingum.edu/​~psych/​psycweb/​history/​watson.htm|John Watson]] studied whole acts just because it was easier, but movements are, according to Guthrie what should actually be studied.
learning_theories/contiguity_theory_and_one_trial_learning.txt · Last modified: 2023/06/19 18:03 (external edit)