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learning_theories:operant_conditioning [2011/08/26 13:36]
jpetrovic [What is operant conditioning?]
learning_theories:operant_conditioning [2023/06/19 18:03] (current)
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-Operant conditioning,​ sometimes also known as //​Skinnerian conditioning//​ or //radical behaviorism//​ is a [[learning_paradigms:​behaviorism|behaviorist]] learning approach similar to [[clasicall_conditioning|classical conditioning]],​ mostly influenced by early theoretical and experimental works of American psychologist [[http://​www.bfskinner.org/​BFSkinner/​AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Frederic Skinner]] from the 1950s. Main difference between those two theories is that **classical** conditioning **modifies only reflex reactions** and **operant** conditioning **shapes new behavior**.+Operant conditioning,​ sometimes also known as //​Skinnerian conditioning//​ or //radical behaviorism//​ is a [[learning_paradigms:​behaviorism|behaviorist]] learning approach similar to [[clasicall_conditioning|classical conditioning]],​ mostly influenced by early theoretical and experimental works of American psychologist [[http://​www.bfskinner.org/​bfskinner/​AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Frederic Skinner]] from the 1950s. Main difference between those two theories is that **classical** conditioning **modifies only reflex reactions** and **operant** conditioning **shapes new behavior**.
  
  
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 In another experiment, two lights (red and green) were introduced into the box and the rat would only get the food if one of them was on. The rat soon learned to discriminate between the lights, and stopped or reduced pressing the lever when the "​wrong"​ light was on. In another experiment, two lights (red and green) were introduced into the box and the rat would only get the food if one of them was on. The rat soon learned to discriminate between the lights, and stopped or reduced pressing the lever when the "​wrong"​ light was on.
  
-Unlike Pavlovian conditioning,​ where an existing behavior (salivating for food) is shaped by associating it with a new stimulus (sound of a bell), operant conditioning is the **rewarding of an act that approaches a new desired behavior**, but can also be the opposite: **punishing undesirable behavior**.+Unlike Pavlovian conditioning,​ where an existing behavior (salivating for food) is shaped by associating it with a new stimulus (sound of a bell), operant conditioning is the **rewarding of an act that approaches a new desired behavior**, but can also be the opposite: **punishing undesirable behavior** ​(negative reinforcement).(([[http://​webspace.ship.edu/​cgboer/​skinner.html|Boeree,​ George. F. B. Skinner. Personality Theories.]]))
  
 After accidentally running short on rat food once, Skinner also started observing effects of different **schedules of reinforcement**(([[http://​webspace.ship.edu/​cgboer/​skinner.html|Boeree,​ George. F. B. Skinner. Personality Theories.]])):​ After accidentally running short on rat food once, Skinner also started observing effects of different **schedules of reinforcement**(([[http://​webspace.ship.edu/​cgboer/​skinner.html|Boeree,​ George. F. B. Skinner. Personality Theories.]])):​
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   * **Operant conditioning**,​ **Skinnerian conditioning**,​ **radical behaviorism**,​ **Skinner box**, **operant conditioning chamber**, **schedules of reinforcement**   * **Operant conditioning**,​ **Skinnerian conditioning**,​ **radical behaviorism**,​ **Skinner box**, **operant conditioning chamber**, **schedules of reinforcement**
-  * [[http://​www.bfskinner.org/​BFSkinner/​AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]+  * [[http://​www.bfskinner.org/​bfskinner/​AboutSkinner.html|Burrhus Skinner]]
  
  
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 ===== Read more ===== ===== Read more =====
  
-[[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=dsPV3S1wmfEC&​q=Skinner,​+Burrhus+F.+About+behaviorism&​dq=Skinner,​+Burrhus+F.+About+behaviorism&​hl=hr&​ei=q6hrTaWaO4u88gO777TyBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=4&​ved=0CDYQ6AEwAw|Skinner, Burrhus F. About behaviorism. Vintage Books, 1974.]]+[[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=dsPV3S1wmfEC|Skinner,​ Burrhus F. About behaviorism. Vintage Books, 1974.]]
  
 [[http://​psychclassics.asu.edu/​Skinner/​Pigeon/​|Skinner,​ B. F. "​Superstition"​ in the Pigeon. ​ Journal of Experimental Psychology #38, p168-172. 1947.]] [[http://​psychclassics.asu.edu/​Skinner/​Pigeon/​|Skinner,​ B. F. "​Superstition"​ in the Pigeon. ​ Journal of Experimental Psychology #38, p168-172. 1947.]]
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 [[http://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC1285014/​pdf/​15693526.pdf|Peterson,​ G. B. A day of great illumination:​ BF Skinner'​s discovery of shaping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 82, no. 3, p317-328. 2004.]] [[http://​www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pmc/​articles/​PMC1285014/​pdf/​15693526.pdf|Peterson,​ G. B. A day of great illumination:​ BF Skinner'​s discovery of shaping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 82, no. 3, p317-328. 2004.]]
  
-[[http://2fwww.neurodiversity.com/​library_wolf_1964.pdf|Wolf, M., Risley, T., Johnston, M., Harris, F. and Allen, E. Application of operant conditioning procedures to the behavior problems of an autistic child: a follow-up and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy 5, no. 2, p103-111. May 1967.]]+[[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/​pubmed/​6025711|Wolf, M., Risley, T., Johnston, M., Harris, F. and Allen, E. Application of operant conditioning procedures to the behavior problems of an autistic child: a follow-up and extension. Behaviour Research and Therapy 5, no. 2, p103-111. May 1967.]]
  
 [[http://​www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/​cgi/​reprint/​30/​6/​837.pdf|Levene,​ Howard I., Engel, Bernard T. and Pearson, John A. Differential Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate. Psychosom Med 30, no. 6, p837-845. November 1, 1968.]] [[http://​www.psychosomaticmedicine.org/​cgi/​reprint/​30/​6/​837.pdf|Levene,​ Howard I., Engel, Bernard T. and Pearson, John A. Differential Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate. Psychosom Med 30, no. 6, p837-845. November 1, 1968.]]
  
  
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