This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revision Previous revision Next revision | Previous revision Next revision Both sides next revision | ||
memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2015/05/08 21:27] ivahtaric |
memory_models:a_brief_history_of_human_memory_systems [2015/05/09 14:34] ivahtaric |
||
---|---|---|---|
Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|{{ :images:multistore_model.png?nolink&}}]]The first more influential two component memory model was introduced in **1968** by **[[http://www.ucop.edu/pres/atkbio.html|Richard Atkinson]]** and **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Richard ]]** **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Shiffrin]]** (([[http://www.rca.ucsd.edu/selected_papers/2_Human memory_A proposed system and its control processes.pdf|Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. Chapter: Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195. 1968.]])) . Their model called //Multi-store model// consisted of long-term and working or short-term memory model and was later improved by an additional component, the **//sensory memory//**. Sensory memory contains one register for each sense and serves as an short lasting buffer-zone before the information can enter short-term memory. Short-term memory is a temporal storage for new information before it enters long-term memory, but is also used for cognitive tasks, understanding and learning. | [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory|{{ :images:multistore_model.png?nolink&}}]]The first more influential two component memory model was introduced in **1968** by **[[http://www.ucop.edu/pres/atkbio.html|Richard Atkinson]]** and **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Richard ]]** **[[http://www.cogs.indiana.edu/people/homepages/shiffrin.html|Shiffrin]]** (([[http://www.rca.ucsd.edu/selected_papers/2_Human memory_A proposed system and its control processes.pdf|Atkinson, R.C. & Shiffrin, R.M. Chapter: Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In Spence, K.W.; Spence, J.T. The psychology of learning and motivation (Volume 2). New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195. 1968.]])) . Their model called //Multi-store model// consisted of long-term and working or short-term memory model and was later improved by an additional component, the **//sensory memory//**. Sensory memory contains one register for each sense and serves as an short lasting buffer-zone before the information can enter short-term memory. Short-term memory is a temporal storage for new information before it enters long-term memory, but is also used for cognitive tasks, understanding and learning. | ||
- | The thesis of two separate memory systems: the **long-term memory** and the **short-term memory** is today considered to be true. This thesis is supported by differences in((10) 10) [[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/documents/Cowan2008progressinbrainresearchSTMLTM.pdf|Cowan, N. What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Progress in brain research 169: 323-338. 2008.]])) ((11) 11) [[http://www.simplypsychology.org/memory.html|Mcleod, Saul. Memory Psychology. Simply Psychology, 2007.]])) : | + | The thesis of two separate memory systems: the **long-term memory** and the **short-term memory** is today considered to be true. This thesis is supported by differences in((10) _FCKG_BLANK_TD_ [[http://web.missouri.edu/~cowann/documents/Cowan2008progressinbrainresearchSTMLTM.pdf|Cowan, N. What are the differences between long-term, short-term, and working memory? Progress in brain research 169: 323-338. 2008.]])) ((11) _FCKG_BLANK_TD_ [[http://www.simplypsychology.org/memory.html|Mcleod, Saul. Memory Psychology. Simply Psychology, 2007.]])) : |
* **capacity** (small for STM and large or unlimited for LTM), | * **capacity** (small for STM and large or unlimited for LTM), | ||
Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
* **time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), | * **time to acquire information** (short for STM and longer for LTM), | ||
* **information encoding** (semantic for LTM and acoustic or visual for STM), and | * **information encoding** (semantic for LTM and acoustic or visual for STM), and | ||
- | * type of memory affected by physical injuries in patients((12) 12) See: Milner, B. Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In C.W.M. Whitty & O. L. Zangwill (eds), Amnesia. London: Butterworth, 1966. (damage of LTM without damaging STM), and [[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335557043000203|Shallice, T. & Warrington, E.K. Independent functioning of verbal memory stores: a neuropsychological study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 261–273. 1970.]] (damaged STM with fully functioning LTM), cited by [[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/get?md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley, Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) . | + | * type of memory affected by physical injuries in patients((12) See: Milner, B. Amnesia following operation on the temporal lobes. In C.W.M. Whitty & O. L. Zangwill (eds), Amnesia. London: Butterworth, 1966. (damage of LTM without damaging STM), and [[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00335557043000203|Shallice, T. & Warrington, E.K. Independent functioning of verbal memory stores: a neuropsychological study. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 22, 261–273. 1970.]] (damaged STM with fully functioning LTM), cited by [[http://gen.lib.rus.ec/get?md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley, Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) . |
Another term should be clarified here: the [[:memory_models:human_working_memory|working memory]], which is often mistaken for the short-term memory. The main difference between these two is that working memory usually includes the structure and processes performed by a system in control of the short-term memory. | Another term should be clarified here: the [[:memory_models:human_working_memory|working memory]], which is often mistaken for the short-term memory. The main difference between these two is that working memory usually includes the structure and processes performed by a system in control of the short-term memory. |