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memory_models:human_working_memory [2011/07/05 16:58]
jpetrovic [Human working memory]
memory_models:human_working_memory [2023/06/19 18:03] (current)
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   * "//use of attention to manage short-term memory//"​.   * "//use of attention to manage short-term memory//"​.
  
-What is mostly common to them is that they address working memory as the system which manipulates information from STM, (but sometimes also LTM). As this system is one of the key components in the process of knowledge acquisition,​ the most commonly discussed working memory models of Baddeley and Cowan will be briefly discussed here.+What is mostly common to these definitions ​is that they address working memory as the system which manipulates information from STM, (but sometimes also LTM)((See: Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 2009.)). As this system is one of the key components in the process of knowledge acquisition,​ the most commonly discussed working memory models of Baddeley and Cowan will be briefly discussed here. 
  
 === Baddeley'​s model of working memory === === Baddeley'​s model of working memory ===
  
-Based on experiments demonstrating connections between LTM and STM, as well as experiments indicating that STM consists of more components, **[[http://​www.york.ac.uk/​psychology/​staff/​faculty/​ab50/​|Alan Baddeley]]** and **[[http://​www.york.ac.uk/​res/​wml/​ghitch.html|Graham Hitch]]** proposed a multi-component //working memory// model in **1974**(([[http://​dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/​Lit/​Articles/​BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]])). The new term //working memory// was supposed to emphasize the importance of this system in cognitive processing.(([[http://​gen.lib.rus.ec/​get?​md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley,​ Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) Baddeley and Hitch suggested working memory is composed of three parts: the **central executive**,​ a system that controls the **phonological loop** (a subsystem for remembering phonological information such as language by constant refreshing through repetition in the loop), and the **visuospatial sketch pad** (a subsystem for storing visual information).+Based on experiments demonstrating connections between LTM and STM, as well as experiments indicating that STM consists of more components, **[[http://​www.york.ac.uk/​psychology/​staff/​faculty/​ab50/​|Alan Baddeley]]** and **[[http://​www.york.ac.uk/​res/​wml/​ghitch.html|Graham Hitch]]** proposed a multi-component //working memory// model in **1974**(([[http://​dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/​Lit/​Articles/​BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]])). The new term //working memory// was supposed to emphasize the importance of this system in cognitive processing.(([[http://​dionysus.psych.wisc.edu/​Lit/​Articles/​BaddeleyA1974a.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D., Hitch, G. J. Working Memory. In Bower, G.A. The psychology of learning and motivation: advances in research and theory. 8. New York: Academic Press. pp. 47–89. 1974.]] cited by [[http://​gen.lib.rus.ec/​get?​md5=00b2fd0fb59c5de5704bb86e70a6871a|Baddeley,​ Alan D. The Psychology of Memory. In Michael D. Kopelman, and Barbara A. Wilson. The Handbook of Memory Disorders. 2nd ed. Wiley, 2002.]])) Baddeley and Hitch suggested working memory is composed of three parts: the **central executive**,​ a system that controls the **phonological loop** (a subsystem for remembering phonological information such as language by constant refreshing through repetition in the loop), and the **visuospatial sketch pad** (a subsystem for storing visual information).
  
 This model was later revised and improved by Baddeley(([[http://​www.wheaton.edu/​psychology/​undergrad/​faculty/​phinney/​Psy772Readings2006/​Baddeley2002EurPsyc.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D. Is working memory still working? American Psychologist,​ 11:​851–64. 2001.]]))(([[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=mU9lz8fu4VgC&​printsec=frontcover&​dq=Working+Memory,​+Thought,​+and+Action&​hl=hr&​ei=XCqbTf-rO83z4Qayl5ibBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Baddeley,​ A. D. Working Memory, Thought, and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.]])) but also contributed by other authors((See:​ [[http://​www.scribd.com/​doc/​23614478/​The-Rise-of-Homo-Sapiens-The-Evolution-of-Modern-Thinking|Coolidge,​ Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 2009.]])), which resulted in additional component of **episodic buffer**(([[http://​www.nbu.bg/​cogs/​events/​2002/​materials/​Markus/​ep_bufer.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D. The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4:417–23. 2000.]])) in year **2000** and more detailed functions and analysis of other components, as described in table below. This model was later revised and improved by Baddeley(([[http://​www.wheaton.edu/​psychology/​undergrad/​faculty/​phinney/​Psy772Readings2006/​Baddeley2002EurPsyc.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D. Is working memory still working? American Psychologist,​ 11:​851–64. 2001.]]))(([[http://​books.google.hr/​books?​id=mU9lz8fu4VgC&​printsec=frontcover&​dq=Working+Memory,​+Thought,​+and+Action&​hl=hr&​ei=XCqbTf-rO83z4Qayl5ibBw&​sa=X&​oi=book_result&​ct=result&​resnum=1&​ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#​v=onepage&​q&​f=false|Baddeley,​ A. D. Working Memory, Thought, and Action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.]])) but also contributed by other authors((See:​ [[http://​www.scribd.com/​doc/​23614478/​The-Rise-of-Homo-Sapiens-The-Evolution-of-Modern-Thinking|Coolidge,​ Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 2009.]])), which resulted in additional component of **episodic buffer**(([[http://​www.nbu.bg/​cogs/​events/​2002/​materials/​Markus/​ep_bufer.pdf|Baddeley,​ A. D. The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Science, 4:417–23. 2000.]])) in year **2000** and more detailed functions and analysis of other components, as described in table below.
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-{{  :​memory_models:​memory.jpg?​610x480|A modification of Baddeley’s working memory model extended with long-term memory components. Image borrowed from: Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 2009.}}+=== Extended model of working memory === 
 + 
 +What follows is an extended working memory model with brain regions associated with each component. 
 + 
 +{{  :​memory_models:​memory.jpg?​610x480 ​  A modification of Baddeley’s working memory model extended with long-term memory components. Image borrowed from: Coolidge, Frederick L., and Thomas Wynn. The Rise of Homo sapiens: The Evolution of Modern Thinking. Wiley-Blackwell,​ 2009.  }}
  
  
memory_models/human_working_memory.1309877918.txt.gz · Last modified: 2023/06/19 17:49 (external edit)