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hr:learning_paradigms:behaviorism_timeline

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Paradigma

Desetljeće1 )

Teorija

Ključni pojmovi

(Konekcionizam)2)

1880 - 1900

Konekcionizam (Thorndike)

- učenje je inkrementalno jačanje S-R3 ) asocijacije

- S-R asocijacije se jačaju kroz ponavljanje

- ishod S-R događaja može ojačati ili oslabiti asocijaciju

- potencijal za učenje vodi u frustraciju ako nije zadovoljen

Behaviorism

1900 - 1910

Classical conditioning (Pavlov)

- learning is a visible change in one's behavior

- learning is manifested in a natural reflex reaction on an associated environmental stimulus

- emotional response can also be learned or conditioned

1920 - 1930

Contiguity theory (Guthrie)

- behavior is formed by a series of movements which are learned through S-R associations

- a close temporal relationship between S and R is necessary for learning to occur

- learning occurs on first experienced instance of the stimulus

- reinforcements (reward or punishment) do not influence the strength of this connection

Neo-behaviorism

1930 - 1940

Sign learning (Tolman)

- suggests studying behavior on the molar level (whole, purposeful, goal-directed behaviors)

- learning is acquisition of knowledge through meaningful behavior, not mechanical moves

- rewards or punishments can only be used as motivators for performance, not learning

- animals are not simple mechanisms, but intelligent organisms capable of cognitive processes

Drive reduction theory (Hull)

- mathematical formulas attempting to explain behavior and the likelihood of its appearance

- drive (a stimulus in form of a biological need) results in behavior in order to satisfy it

- reinforced S-R learning through the reduction of a biological drive

- cognitive factors need to be taken into account when explaining human learning

1950 - 1960

Operant conditioning (Skinner)

- reinforced learning of new behaviors, not just shaping reflexes

- different reinforcement intervals have different effect

- complex behaviors are learned through more simple ones

Stimulus sampling theory (Estes)

- a statistical learning theory; set of formulas and axioms

- S-R association is learned in a single trial; learning results in accumulated S-R associations

- reinforcement has to do with the performance, not with learning

- later included memory as a factor in his theory


hr/learning_paradigms/behaviorism_timeline.1442672799.txt.gz · Zadnja izmjena: 2023/06/19 17:49 (vanjsko uređivanje)